Muhammad (saw) History

 Muhammad ibn Abdullah, commonly known as the Prophet Muhammad, is the founder of Islam and is considered the last prophet in Islam. His life and teachings form the basis of Islamic faith and practice. Here is an overview of his life and history:

Early Life (570-610 CE)

Birth and Family:

• Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.
• He belonged to the Quraysh tribe, a powerful merchant tribe.
• His father, Abdullah, died before he was born, and his mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. He was then raised by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, and after his grandfather's death, by his uncle, Abu Talib.

Early Career:

• Muhammad worked as a shepherd and later became a successful merchant.
• He earned the nickname "Al-Amin" (the trustworthy) due to his reputation for honesty.

Marriage to Khadijah:

• At the age of 25, Muhammad married Khadijah, a wealthy widow 15 years his senior.
• They had four daughters and two sons, though the sons died in infancy.

Prophethood and Early Revelations (610-622 CE)

First Revelation:

• At the age of 40, in 610 CE, Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel while meditating in the Cave of Hira.
• These revelations continued for 23 years and were later compiled into the Quran, the holy book of Islam.

Early Preaching:

• Muhammad began preaching monotheism and the worship of one God (Allah).
• His message was initially met with resistance from the Quraysh leaders, who saw it as a threat to their power and the traditional polytheistic religion.

Persecution and Migration:

• As the number of his followers grew, so did the opposition. Muslims faced persecution, and some sought refuge in Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia).
• In 622 CE, facing increasing hostility, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Yathrib (later named Medina). This migration, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

Medina and the Expansion of Islam (622-632 CE)

Establishment in Medina:

• In Medina, Muhammad established a community based on Islamic principles.
• He acted as a political leader, arbitrator, and religious guide.

Conflict with Mecca:

• The early Muslim community faced several battles with the Quraysh tribe, including the Battles of Badr, Uhud, and the Trench.
• Despite setbacks, Muhammad's influence and the number of his followers continued to grow.

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and Conquest of Mecca:

• In 628 CE, Muhammad negotiated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the Quraysh, establishing a 10-year truce.
• In 630 CE, the truce was broken, leading to Muhammad's triumphant return to Mecca, where he peacefully took control and cleansed the Kaaba of idols.

Final Years and Legacy (630-632 CE)

Farewell Pilgrimage and Death:

• In 632 CE, Muhammad performed his Farewell Pilgrimage, where he delivered his final sermon, emphasizing equality, justice, and piety.
• Shortly after, he fell ill and passed away on June 8, 632 CE, in Medina.

Succession and Spread of Islam:

• After Muhammad's death, his close companions, the Caliphs, continued his mission, leading to the rapid expansion of Islam across the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond.

Impact and Teachings

• Quran and Hadith:

  • The Quran is considered the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad.
  • The Hadith, a collection of Muhammad's sayings and actions, provides further guidance for Muslims.

• Islamic Civilization:

  • Muhammad's teachings laid the foundation for a rich and diverse Islamic civilization, influencing areas such as law, science, medicine, philosophy, and art.

Muhammad's legacy continues to shape the lives of over a billion Muslims around the world, making him one of the most influential figures in history.